Energy Management Control Strategy for Saving Trip Costs of Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles

Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) should control the energy management between two sources for fuel economy, using stored in a battery or generation of through system. The economy an FCV includes trip costs hydrogen consumption and lifetime sources. This paper proposes implementable strategy to reduce costs. concept proposed is first analyze allowable current system from optimal strategies various initial state charge (SOC) conditions dynamic programming (DP), second, find modulation ratio determining driving vehicle particle swarm optimization method. presents on/off moment proper turned-on with respect SOC power demand. reduces real-time, similar DP-based strategy, more than simple switching at boundary even long-term cycles.